Climate change is no longer a distant threat—we’re experiencing it every day. Heatwaves are becoming increasingly intense, frequent, and long-lasting. This reality is directly affecting our physical health, and one of the most serious risks we face is heatstroke.
Heatstroke is a medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially when the body can’t properly regulate its temperature. When it comes to physical health, prevention and information are key. Knowing how to act can save lives.
What is heatstroke?
Heatstroke occurs when the body temperature rises above 40°C (104°F) and the body loses its ability to cool itself down. This can affect the functioning of the nervous system, internal organs, and—in extreme cases—can lead to death if not treated quickly. The most common symptoms include:
- Severe headache
- Feeling dizzy or disoriented
- Hot, red, and dry skin (no sweating)
- Rapid heartbeat
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of consciousness or seizures
If you notice any of these signs, you must act immediately. Heatstroke is a medical emergency, and waiting can be dangerous.
At-Risk Groups
- Older adults: their ability to regulate body temperature is reduced.
- Babies and young children: their thermoregulation system is not fully developed.
- People with chronic illnesses: such as heart, respiratory, or kidney conditions.
- Pregnant women: pregnancy raises basal body temperature and increases heat sensitivity.
- Outdoor workers: both men and women exposed to the sun for long hours.
Tips to Prevent Heatstroke
- Constant Hydration
Drinking water frequently, even when not thirsty, is the main defense against heatstroke. Avoid alcohol and sugary or caffeinated drinks, as they promote dehydration.
- Avoid Direct Sun Exposure
During peak hours (between 12 p.m. and 5 p.m.), it’s best to stay in cool, shaded places. If you need to go outside, protect yourself with a hat, sunglasses, and light, loose clothing.
- Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Keep spaces well ventilated. Use fans, air conditioning, or damp cloths if air conditioning is not available. Lower blinds and close curtains to prevent overheating indoors.
- Cool Showers or Baths
Cooling off several times a day helps the body lower its temperature. You can also apply cold compresses to the neck, armpits, or wrists.
- Light Eating
Eat fruits, vegetables, and fresh foods. Avoid heavy meals that increase metabolism and body temperature.
- Avoid Intense Physical Effort
On very hot days, outdoor exercise or heavy tasks are not recommended. If necessary, do them early in the morning or late afternoon, always staying properly hydrated.
What to Do in Case of Heatstroke
- Call the emergency number in your area.
- Move the person to a cool, well-ventilated place.
- Apply cool, damp cloths to the body, especially under the armpits, neck, and forehead.
- Do not give fluids if the person is unconscious or vomiting.
- Loosen clothing and keep them in a semi-reclined position.
- Stay with the person until professional help arrives.
Acting quickly can prevent serious complications. Heatstroke should not be underestimated: it doesn’t always give clear warning signs, and deterioration can happen very fast.
The Role of Collective Prevention
The responsibility to protect oneself from heat is not just an individual one. It is also essential to create healthy environments in communities, workplaces, schools, and public spaces. Providing information, adjusting schedules, setting up cool zones, and caring for the most vulnerable people are measures that can make a big difference.
In the workplace, for example, it is crucial to offer regular breaks, access to fresh water, avoid demanding tasks during the hottest hours, and promote awareness campaigns about heatstroke. The physical health of all workers must be a priority.
Taking Care During Extreme Heat Is a Priority
In the face of climate change, preventing heatstroke is an act of personal and social responsibility. Being informed, taking simple measures, and acting quickly in an emergency can save lives.
Prevention is in our hands: protecting ourselves and caring for those around us—children, older adults, coworkers—is the best way to adapt to this new climate reality without compromising our well-being.